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Thyroid dysfunction was more frequent in patients who had undergone mantle or neck radiotherapy. Hypothyroidism was most often revealed from the 6th year on following radiotherapy. Thyroid autoantibody positivity was found to be more frequent in patients with thyroid dysfunction, and conversely, thyroid dysfunction was more frequent among the 28 patients with autoantibody positivity. For substitution or isohor- ABC © S.

Copyright © S. During thyroiditis ultrasound pictures followup of long-term survivals, it has become thyroiditis ultrasound pictures that the treatment protocols used for HD may induce several malignant and nonmalignant late complications, which, presenting themselves years or decades after the successful treatment, decrease the survival rate of the patients and deteriorate their quality of life [3—5].

The diseases of the thyroid gland represent perhaps the most common, usually nonmalignant late complications, with the prevalence of hypothyroidism [6—10]. Neck radiotherapy RT may play a role in the development of hypothyroidism and the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the thyroid has not yet been clarified [6—9, 11, 12].

Absztrakt:

Some studies were based on the detection of thyroid autoantibodies AB but since they included only a small number of cases, the data presented are contradictory as regards the pathological role of thyroiditis [6, 11, 13—15]. This has led us to detect the levels of antithyroid antibodies while regularly following up our HD patients with complete remission, and in case of positivity, we performed further examinations including thyroid ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology.

thyroiditis ultrasound pictures

The results are presented in this paper. Patients and Methods HD patients with complete remission for at least 1 year were followed up in our department between and The diagnosis of HD was based on histological examination in each case; the subtypes were categorized according to Lukes and Butler [16]. The clinical stage was determined using the Ann Arbor classification and their Cotswolds bokagyulladás sérülés után [17, 18].

thyroiditis ultrasound pictures

For the evaluation of thyroid hormone levels and for the determination of the supersensitive thyroid stimulating hormone sTSH LIA-mat TSH assay was used, which is based on a noncompetitive, immunoluminometric sandwich technique Byk-Sangtec. Using the above methods, normal ranges should be as follows: sTSH: 0. Hypothyroidism is considered to be subclinical, chemical or compensated if sTSH values alone are elevated while FT3 and FT4 are in the normal range.

The majority of patients have been followed up for thyroid function on a yearly basis. Thyroid dysfunction was considered at the first presentation of pathological thyroid hormone results.

Normal ranges were as follows: antithyroid peroxidase antibody: 0.

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Ultrasound diagnosis of the thyroid was performed using a 7. In the case of an increased antithyroid AB titer, ultrasound-guided fine needle thyroid biopsy was performed from both lobes.

Eurlexq4 A pajzsmirigy rák az egyik, sugárzással összefüggő rákfajta. Thyroid cancer is one of those diseases that's caused by radiation.

For smear dyeing, buffered, modified Giemsa was employed [28]. In the statistical analysis ¯2 testthe p!

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In cases Hormone analyses were continually performed in a smaller group of patients since thyroid dysfunction was suspected because of clinical symptoms, while in the majority of cases thyroid dysfunction was revealed during the course of a wideranging follow-up. Table 1 shows mean hormone results, standard deviation and minimum-maximum values. Table 2 compares the characteristics of HD patients with normal and pathological thyroid function subclinical and manifest hypothyroidism together.

Pajzsmirigy

The groups do not show significant differences as regards mean age, age distribution in decades, histological subtypes, disease stage, general symptoms, and whether lymphangiography LAG was performed or not. Hypothyroidism was 1.

A significant difference, however, is that thyroid AB positivity was 3 times more common in patients with pathological thyroid function than in the euthyroid group. Out of the 38 HD patients with confirmed laboratory findings of hypothyroidism, 7 had typical clinical symptoms. In 16 cases certain symptoms were evidently related to the disease after laboratory results had been evaluated. Table 3 compares the characteristics of HD patients with AB positivity and negativity.

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Table 2. Characteristics of patients with HD by thyroid function Characteristics Thyroid thyroiditis ultrasound pictures normal Total patients Table 4.

thyroiditis ultrasound pictures

Thyroid dysfunction was revealed in Out of the 28 HD patients with thyroid AB positivity, 26 underwent ultrasound examination and cytological analysis of the thyroid; table 4 shows the results. In 1 case, neither ultrasound thyroiditis ultrasound pictures nor cytological analysis suggested thyroiditis but the patient was repeatedly AB-positive and laboratory analysis revealed subclinical hypothyroidism.

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Table 5 shows previous treatment for HD and the relationships between thyroid abnormalities. However, no significant differences had been found between thyroid antibodies and previous treatment. Figure 1 shows the length of time between receiving neck or mantle RT and the onset or diagnosis of hypothyroidism.

thyroiditis ultrasound pictures

Though the differences are not significant, and yearly data for thyroid function are available only for the past 4—5 years, it is clear that the onset of hypothyroidism is more remarkable from the 6th year following RT.

Their long-term follow-up results have highlighted the fact that the 5- to 10year survival rate is only one, though a very important result of the therapy, since late complications of these therapeutic methods may, after years, significantly decrease the chances of ízületkezelő tészta and deteriorate the quality of life [3—5]. This is due to not only the different diagnostic and therapeutic methods of HD but also the sensitivity of the laboratory tests employed.

The tests we used were sensitive, and the results were characteristic of the functional groups.

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No differences were found in the histological subtypes, disease stage, age at the diagnosis of HD between the groups of patients with normal and decreased thyroid function [9, 11, 12], though Green et al. In accordance with data in the literature [9, 11], hypothyroidism was found 1.

Some authors believe that during disease staging and in the process of examinations using LAG and other iodinated contrast material, the iodide load may inhibit thyroid function, sTSH increases, which, stimulating cell division, results in an increased sensitivity for RT [8, 30, 31]. Thyroiditis ultrasound pictures have reported different conclusions on the relationship between LAG and hypothyroidism [8, 29, 30].

Like the majority of these studies, we have not found any relationship between the iodinated load and thyroid hypofunction [6, 11].

Doctor holding modern fingertip pulse oximeter, closeup Young woman near the washing machine is keeping smelly sock. Patient with orthopedist doctor in his office. Elbow sonography. A doctor with an instrument for measuring pressure Doctor ultrasound knee test.

We have found significant alterations for the confirmation of the relationship between the therapeutic methods for HD and the frequency of hypothyroidism [6—9, 11, 12]. Thyroid hypofunction was more frequent in patients who had been given mantle or neck irradiation — either RT alone or combined with ChT — than in patients who had not received such RT treatment.

This shows that in the case of combined treatment, ChT does not increase the incidence of hypothyroidism. We found that hypothyroidism developed most often the 6th year following RT, which thyroiditis ultrasound pictures in accordance with the findings of Schimpff et al.

thyroiditis ultrasound pictures

Several authors assume that autoimmune processes are responsible for the development of hypothyroidism following neck RT.

According to them, autoantigens are freed from the thyroid damaged by irradiation, which may lead to the development of thyroiditis [6, 8, 13]. They also noticed that the incidence of thyroid antibodies and the elevated sTSH level were less frequent in patients who had also received ChT than in patients who had received only RT, so they supposed that ChT, through its immunosuppressive effect, might control autoimmune thyroiditis induced by irradiation and thus inhibits the development of hypothyroidism [6].

The direct effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the thyroid, however, has not yet been clarified [9, 12].